What is judicial review?

• A. The right of Congress to create laws
• B. The power of courts to determine the constitutionality of legislative and executive actions
• C. The ability of the President to veto legislation
• D. The process of amending the Constitution

Answer: (B)

Judicial review refers to the authority of courts to evaluate and determine whether legislative and executive actions are in accordance with the Constitution. This power allows the judiciary to uphold the supremacy of the Constitution by invalidating laws and actions that violate constitutional principles. The concept of judicial review was established in the landmark Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison in 1803, which solidified the role of the judicial branch in maintaining checks and balances within the federal government. By having the power of judicial review, courts can act as a safeguard against potential abuses of power by the other branches of government, ensuring that all actions comply with constitutional mandates.